Elasticsearch

platform active freemium

A distributed search and analytics engine that now includes vector search capabilities. Originally built for full-text search, Elasticsearch added dense vector support and kNN search, making it a hybrid search platform combining traditional text search with semantic vector search.

Implements

Concepts this tool claims to implement:

  • Combines BM25 full-text search with dense vector kNN search. Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF) for merging text and vector results. Native support for combining keyword and semantic search.

  • dense_vector field type with kNN search. Supports HNSW algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor. Cosine, dot product, and L2 similarity metrics.

  • Retriever secondary

    Used as retrieval backend for RAG systems. LangChain, LlamaIndex, and other frameworks have Elasticsearch integrations for retrieval.

Integration Surfaces

  • REST API
  • Python client (elasticsearch-py)
  • JavaScript client
  • Java client
  • Go client
  • Kibana (visualization)

Details

Vendor
Elastic
License
SSPL / Elastic License 2.0
Runs On
local, cloud, hybrid
Used By
human, agent, system

Notes

Elasticsearch's vector capabilities were added later but are now production-ready. Main advantage is combining existing text search expertise with vector search. Elastic Cloud provides managed hosting. License changed from Apache 2.0 to dual SSPL/Elastic in 2021.